The Mechanisms of Underlying Accelerated Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation for Treatment-resistant Depression

Summary

In this project, the investigators evaluate an accelerated schedule of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation for treatment-resistant depression. The investigators focuse on participants' brain activity and blood markers (Reelin, Apoer2, NMDAR, BDNF, exosomes and so on) to deepen the understanding of the mechanism of accelerated rTMS for treatment-resistant depression.

Eligibility

Inclusion Criteria:

1. The current episode met the DSM-5 diagnostic criteria for major depression in patients with first-episode or relapsed unmedicated depression without psychotic symptoms.
2. 24-item Hamilton Depression Scale (HAMD-24) ≥ 20.
3. Age 18-45 years, regardless of gender.
4. Right-handedness.
5. Han Chinese.
6. Signed a written informed consent, willing to participate in the study and be evaluated.

Exclusion Criteria:

1. Co-morbid other mental disorders, including: schizophrenia, mental retardation, substance dependence, etc.
2. Patients with metal objects in the body or with other contraindications to MRI scanning
3. Patients with severe or unstable somatic diseases
4. Women during pregnancy or lactation, and women of childbearing age with positive urine HCG test results during the screening period
5. Other conditions that, in the opinion of the investigator, exist that make participation in this clinical trial inappropriate.

Conditions2

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