Cytosponge for Gastric Intestinal Metaplasia

Summary

Gastric cancer has a very poor prognosis. The disease is often diagnosed at a late stage, when curative treatment options are limited or ineffective. There is a condition that predisposes to gastric cancer, known in medical terms as Gastric intestinal metaplasia (GIM). This pre-cancerous condition can be diagnosed with an endoscopic camera test, but it often very subtle and can be missed at routine endoscopy. There is evidence that about 7% of gastric cancers are missed at previous endoscopy. The Cytosponge-trefoil factor 3 (TFF-3) is a pill on a string combined to a molecular biomarker which could help early diagnosis of gastric cancer and GIM. Cytosponge-TFF3 has been showed in previous research to be useful to diagnose Barrett's oesophagus, a condition of the food pipe similar to GIM. The aim of this study is to investigate the utility of the Cytosponge in combination with molecular biomakers to diagnose GIM

Eligibility

Inclusion Criteria:

* Any participant 18 years and above clinically fit for an endoscopy with GIM of the proximal stomach confirmed on previous biopsies or gastric adenocarcinoma of intestinal type (cases)
* Any participant 18 years and above clinically fit for an endoscopy with upper GI symptoms leading to referral for endoscopy (controls)
* Ability to provide informed consent

Exclusion Criteria:

* Individuals with a diagnosis of an oro-pharynx, oesophageal or gastro-oesophageal tumour (T2 staging and above), or symptoms of dysphagia.
* Patients with previous diagnosis of Barrett's oesophagus oesophageal varices, stricture or requiring dilatation of the oesophagus.
* Patients unable to stop anticoagulation therapy/medication timely before the procedure (heparin or tinzaparin, apixaban, rivaroxaban, dabigatran, edoxaban; 48 hours, warfarin; 5 days, clopidogrel; 7 days)
* Individuals who have had a myocardial infarction or any cardiac event less than six months ago.
* Individuals who have had a cerebrovascular event \< 6 months ago where their swallowing has been affected
* Patients who have had previous treatments such as Photodynamic therapy (PDT), Radiofrequency ablation or Argon Plasma Coagulation for dysplastic Barrett's oesophagus
* Participants who are unable to provide informed consent.
* Participants under age 18.

NB - Endoscopy is generally avoided in pregnant women and therefore it is unlikely that any pregnant women will be included although pregnancy would not be an absolute contraindication. Pregnancy/ pregnancy test will not be recorded as part of the trial.

Conditions4

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