Effect Dietary Fructose on Fructose Kinetics in Type 2 Diabetes

Summary

Determine the kinetics of fructose metabolism and its role as a metabolic substrate following a high (100gr/day) vs low fructose diet (\<30 gram fructose intake per day isocaloric correction with dextrose) in type 2 diabetic subjects of SAS or Caucasian ethnicity.

Eligibility

Inclusion Criteria:

* 40 T2D patients (20 Caucasian and 20 SAS)
* 40-70 years old
* Male-female
* BMI 25-35 kg/m2
* Stable anti diabetic drugs for 3 months (metformin is obligatory)
* Stable medication use past 3 months
* Able to give informed consent

Exclusion Criteria:

* \- Proton-pump inhibitor usage (known to effect gut microbiota)
* GLP1, SGLT2i or insulin use (known to effect gut microbiota)
* Antibiotic for the past 3 months (known to effect gut microbiota)
* Probiotic or symbiotic usage (known to effect gut microbiota)
* Pregnant women
* Chronic illness (including a known history of heart failure, renal failure (eGFR \<30 ml/min), pulmonary disease, gastrointestinal disorders, or hematologic diseases), or other inflammatory diseases
* Active infection
* Previous intestinal (e.g., bowel resection/reconstruction) surgery
* Smoking (due to its influence on gut microbiome)
* Vegetarian diet (since they have different microbiota)
* \>6 alcohol units per day or \>14 alcohol units per week
* Active malignancy
* HbA1c \>9% (75mmol/mol)

Conditions2

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