Imagery Rescripting as Treatment for Depression

Summary

The goal of this multiple baseline case series study is to test Imagery Rescripting in depression. The main question\[s\] it aims to answer are: * does Imagery Rescripting lead to a reduction of depression and of believability of negative beliefs held by the participants? * does Imagery Rescripting also leads to reductions in worrying and brooding? * Participants will wait for 6-10 weeks (to assess time effects without treatment), followed by 5 weekly preparation sessions, 8-12 weekly Imagery Rescripting sessions, and 5 weeks post-treatment. * Participants will rate the believability of 3-5 core dysfunctional beliefs related to their depression as well as 2 items assessing depression severity on a weekly basis. In addition, they will fill out more extensive questionnaires on depression, worry and brooding before each phase, as well as at 5 weeks post-treatment, and 6 and 12 months follow-up.

Eligibility

Inclusion Criteria:

* Primary diagnosis of MDD as assessed with the Structured Clinical Interview for Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 5th Edition (DSM-5) (SCID-5)
* Total score of 20\* or above on the BDI-II (cut-off score for moderate depression) (Beck et al., 1996). (\*Based on previous research by Brewin et al. (2009) \& Yuen-tin (2017) demonstrating averages of BDI-II: 34-35, in their population.)
* Age 18-65
* Dutch or English as a first language (or estimated as sufficient to receive treatment in either of these languages without interpreter)
* Willingness to participate in the study (signed informed consent)

Exclusion Criteria:

* DSM-5 Bipolar disorder, type 1 (current or past); if there has been no manic episode the last year patients will be included
* Psychotic disorders (though psychotic features alongside depression will be allowed)
* Organic brain disease
* Intelligence Quotient (IQ) \< 80
* High risk of self-harm or suicide
* Current substance abuse severe level
* Start of new medication within 2 months before beginning the study (medication used for longer periods can be continued; patients are requested to keep medication stable during the course of the study)
* Having received ImRs (either as a stand-alone or embedded in a greater treatment such as cognitive behavior therapy (CBT) or schema therapy) within the last year
* No other evidence-based treatment of MDD is allowed during the study.
* Not able to plan enough time for weekly therapy sessions (45-60 minutes); weekly measurements (estimate of 5 minutes) and other measurements (estimate of 20 minutes); and the qualitative post-treatment interview (estimate of 60 minutes) during the study period.

Conditions3

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