The Daytime Circadian Rhythm in Exhaled Volatile Organic Compounds in People Living Without and Diabetes

Summary

Exhaled volatile organic compounds will be measured during daytime with the goal to identifying circadian variability. The study incudes three subgroups: people without diabetes, people with type 1 diabetes, and people with type 2 diabetes. A total of 60 people will be recruited for the study.

Eligibility

Inclusion criteria

Subgroup 1:

* Age 18 or older
* HbA1c below 6.5%
* Written informed consent

Subgroup 2:

* Age 18 or older
* T1D (Type 1 diabetes) with MDI (multiple daily injection) or CSII (Continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion therapy) therapy \>1 year
* Written informed consent

Subgroup 3

* Age 18 or older
* T2D (Type 2 diabetes) with oral antidiabetic medication or insulin therapy
* Written informed consent

Exclusion criteria

* Pregnancy or breastfeeding
* Smoking (last cigarette less than 6 months ago)
* Any chronical lung and intestinal disease diagnosis (such as intestinal bowel disease (IBD); asthma; COPD (chronic obstructive pulmonary disease); lung cancer, …)
* Coeliac disease
* Lactose and fructose intolerance
* Any acute disease diagnosis (such as viral or bacterial infection)
* Drinking habit of more than four units of alcohol per day
* Current inhaled medicines treatments
* Antibiotic treatment in the previous 4 months

Conditions2

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