" Visual Characterization of Parkinson's Patients and Oculomotor or Perceptual Therapy"

Summary

Parkinson's disease (PD) is the second most common neurodegenerative condition worldwide, characterised by motor symptoms, but with other symptoms such as visual impairment. The aim is to compare visual function between PD patients and healthy subjects in order to adequately characterise the visual capabilities of the PD population and perform oculomotor or perceptual therapy to find optometric solutions to slow down the visual impairment they suffer from or minimise their visual symptoms. In the first phase, non-invasive tests will be carried out, such as measuring visual acuity, refraction, pupil diameter in different lighting conditions, sensory dominance, contrast sensitivity, colour vision, stereopsis, reading speed, binocular vision, eye movements and influence on quality of life. In the second, visual oculomotor or perceptual exercises will be performed in a group of PD patients to assess whether there is stabilisation of impairment or improvement of these visual skills. These will be performed in a non-invasive way using simple and easy-to-use instruments or an application on an electronic device could be used. Finally, in the third phase, those visual skills that have been treated will be re-evaluated to assess possible changes, compared with a group of PD patients who have not undergone the visual exercises.

Eligibility

Inclusion Criteria:

* Subjects without neurodegenerative diseases or systemic illnesses or ocular pathologies.
* Subjects not taking medication with visual side effects.
* Subjects able to perform the tests.
* Subjects of similar age and sex as their corresponding Parkinson's patient so that both samples are age and gender matched.
* Subjects diagnosed with Parkinson's disease.
* Parkinson's patients classified according to the Hoehn \& Yahr Scale.

Exclusion Criteria:

* Subjects with ocular pathologies (such as Glaucoma, Age-Related Macular Degeneration, Retinopathies, Corneal Opacifications, Senile Cataracts, Severe Palpebral Ptosis) or systemic illnesses that may affect the visual system and alter the results (such as Severe Cardiopathies, Diabetes Mellitus, oncological diseases, systemic tissue disorders, chronic infectious diseases or conditions after organ or tissue transplantation).
* Subjects with neurodegenerative or neural diseases other than the study itself, such as Alzheimer's disease, Devic's disease, Huntington's disease, Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease, epilepsy, ataxia, multiple sclerosis or amyotrophic lateral sclerosis.
* Subjects taking medication that may alter any visual ability such as anxiolytics, antidepressants, sleeping pills.
* Subjects with problems in understanding and following the tests.
* Patients who have been previously treated under a vision therapy program.

Conditions2

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