Elastic Band-Progressive Resistance Training (EB-PRT) for Sarcopenia Among Heart Failure Patients

Summary

Heart failure (HF) is a complicated clinical syndrome caused by structural and/or functional cardiac abnormalities that result in ineffective myocardial pumping. HF management has placed more emphasis on improving the prognostic factors which determine these poor clinical outcomes. More recently, the prognostic role of sarcopenia in HF has received particular attention. Defined as progressive and generalized decline in skeletal muscle mass, strength and physical performance due to aging, sarcopenia is definitely a common comorbid of HF which follows an age-specific disease epidemiology. Given muscle disuse is the most preventable and reversible factor of sarcopenia, more evidence points to the therapeutic value of resistance training (RT) for this debilitating condition. Nevertheless, the therapeutic effects of RT on improving sarcopenia and thereby the disease prognosis among HF patients is yet to be evaluated. Therefore, the sequential mixed method study including a pilot RCT will be conducted to evaluate the preliminary effect of a 14-week elastic band-progressive resistance training (EB-PRT) and a subsequent qualitative study to explore the subjects' engagement experience. The outcomes cover the whole set of defining characteristics including muscle mass, muscle strength and functional performance and the clinical outcomes which reflect HF disease severity and patient-reported HRQL.

Eligibility

Inclusion Criteria:

1. age ≥ 50;
2. has a confirmed clinical diagnosis of HF in the electronic health record for at least 6 months to ensure adequate disease exposure;
3. meeting the Asian Working Group of Sarcopenia's criteria2 \[grip strength measured by dynamometer (Male: \<28kg; Female: \<18kg); low physical function (defined by Short Physical Performance Battery score ≤9) and reduced muscle mass by bioimpedance analysis (Inbody Technology 270; Male: appendicular skeletal muscular index (ASMI) \<7.0kg/m2, Female: \<5.7kg/m2)\];
4. has stable HF and do not have any acute respiratory and musculo-skeletal condition which contradict them from practising exercise;
5. no regular resistance training for the previous 6 months.

Exclusion Criteria:

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Conditions2

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