The Acute Effect of "Exercise Snacks" on Glycemic Responses in Individuals With Type 2 Diabetes.

Summary

To conduct a randomized crossover trial to determine the acute impact of exercise snacks on glycemic control in physically inactive individuals living with type 2 diabetes using continuous glucose monitoring.

Eligibility

Inclusion Criteria:

* Aged 30-75 years old.
* Have physician-diagnosed type 2 diabetes.
* Currently participating in less than 150 minutes of moderate-to-vigorous intensity aerobic exercise per week.
* Have a body mass index between 18.5 and 40 kg/m2.
* Have had a stable medication dosage and no changes to the number of prescribed medications for at least 6 months.
* Able to maintain current medication doses during the study.
* Able to maintain current physical activity patterns during the study.
* HbA1c is less than or equal to 8.5%.
* Have access to a computer, tablet, or smartphone for intervention delivery and tracking.
* Can travel to McMaster University for in-person laboratory testing visits.
* Can read, write, and understand English.
* Anticipate having access to the internet for the duration of the intervention (i.e., over the next 3-4 months).
* Cleared for exercise participation based on the CSEP Get Active Questionnaire and the Rose Angina Questionnaire.

Exclusion Criteria:

* Taking 4 or more glucose-lowering medications.
* Taking insulin.
* Taking beta-blockers.
* Taking 3 or more commonly prescribed medications for the prevention of cardiovascular disease (e.g., statins, antihypertensives).
* Have had an episode of severe hypoglycemia in the past 6 months (defined as having neurological symptoms consistent with neuroglycopenia and required assistance in treatment by a second party).
* Currently a cigarette smoker.
* Have a chronic musculoskeletal condition that would prevent participation in exercise.
* Have had a recent (within the last 2 years) cardiovascular event that prevents participation in exercise.
* Experience angina upon exertion.
* Have uncontrolled high blood pressure (hypertension) or an atypical blood pressure or pulse rate at rest or during exercise as determined by a physician.
* Have a scheduled surgical procedure within the next 3-4 months that would prevent exercise participation.
* Currently diagnosed with a cardiac or pulmonary disease (e.g., angina, arrythmia, exercise-induced bronchospasm) that would prevent exercise participation.
* Have a psychiatric disorder that could prevent you from completing the study procedures or visits.
* Have donated more than 0.5 L of blood within the last 4 weeks.
* Currently following an extreme diet (e.g., very low carbohydrate/calorie, ketogenic) or taking dietary/nutritional supplements that impact glucose control (e.g., exogenous ketones).
* Currently have diabetic ulcers, peripheral vascular disease, or diabetic neuropathy that will prevent participation in exercise.
* Currently on dialysis.
* Currently participating in another clinical trial that interferes with the study procedures.
* Currently pregnant or planning on becoming pregnant during the intervention (i.e., within the next 3-4 months).

Conditions2

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