Comparison of Micro- and Macrovascular Disease(s) in People With T2D, Who Have Moderate to Severe Acanthosis Nigricans vs. Those Who do Not Have Acanthosis Nigricans

Summary

Hypothesis: Moderate to severe acanthosis nigricans in people with T2D is associated with higher magnitude of complication than people who do not have acanthosis nigricans. Objectives: To correlate moderate to severe acanthosis nigricans with diabetes complication Methodology: T2DM patient will be recruited from endocrine OPD 1\. Clinical History and Examination: 1. General Physical Examination: Height, weight, waist circumference, hip circumference, BMI, Blood Pressure, Hand grip. Acanthosis Nigricans. 2. Complications Assessment: Patient will be analysed for: Micro Vascular (a) Diabetic retinopathy (i) Mild NPDR (ii) Mod NPDR (iii) Macular Edema / CSME (b) Neuropathy (Mild/Mod/Severe) (c) Chronic Kidney Disease (i) Micro/Macro albumin urea (ii) Increased Creatinine (iii) Decreased eGFR Macro Vascular 1. Low ABI/PAD 2. CVD-MI/PTCA/CABG/Heart Failure 3. CVS-Stroke/ TIA/Carotid Blockage \>50%

Eligibility

Inclusion Criteria:

1. Patients with T2DM (up to 30 years Duration)
2. Age 20 to 70 years
3. BMI \>25 kg/m² to \>40 kg/m²
4. Gender- Both (Male \& Female)
5. Mild, Moderate and Severe Acanthosis

Exclusion Criteria:

1. Alcoholic with Moderate to Severe.
2. BMI \>40 kg/m²
3. Congestive heart disease
4. Positive hepatitis B or hepatitis C, secondary causes of fatty liver (eg. consumption of amiodarone and tamoxifen) and congestive hepatopathy.
5. Severe end organ damage or chronic diseases: renal/hepatic failure, any malignancy, major systemic illness etc.

Conditions2

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