Social Cognition, Memory, and Executive Functions in Bipolar Disorder and Major Depressive Disorder

Summary

Bipolar disorder (BD) are common psychiatric disorders often misdiagnosed, leading to delayed treatment. Even during stable phases, individuals with bipolar disorder experience residual cognitive impairments that affect their social functioning and quality of life. This study aims to explore social cognition deficits (e.g., emotional processing, theory of mind, attribution bias) and their relationship with executive functions (e.g., flexibility, inhibition, working memory) and memory in bipolar disorder and major depressive disorder, ultimately seeking to improve understanding of their functional outcomes. Social cognition and executive functions in BD are both state- and trait-related. One recent meta-analysis demonstrated impairment in social cognitive domains for manic, depressive, and euthymic bipolar disorders' patients but it remains unclear whether these social cognitive deficits in BD are due to executive functions and/or other confounding effects. Few studies have investigated the interdependency between these cognitive impairments in these two affective disorders while a better understanding of the link between executive functions and social cognition seems crucial in order to better characterize the nature of patients' deficits and thus their caring.

Eligibility

Inclusion criteria:

* Patients between 18 and 65 years old, men or women
* Having a diagnosis of bipolar disorder or depressive disorder
* No substantial change in treatment for 2 weeks preceding study enrollment
* Being a native French speaker
* Patients enrolled in the national healthcare insurance program
* Consenting to participate to the study

Exclusion criteria:

* The presence of any alcohol use disorder or any other substance use disorder in the last six months, except for tobacco dependence
* A significant general medical illness, including neurological disorders or head trauma
* A sensorial impairment uncorrected (visual and/or hearing)

Group 3: First-degree relatives of bipolar patients

Inclusion criteria:

* Participants between 18 and 65 years old, men or women
* Participants having at least one first-degree relative presenting an bipolar disorder (parents, children, siblings)
* Being a native French speaker
* Patients enrolled in the national healthcare insurance program
* Consenting to participate to the study

Exclusion criteria:

* A diagnosis of schizophrenia or of bipolar disorder or of depressive disorder according to DSM-5 criteria
* The presence of any alcohol use disorder or any other substance use disorder in the last six months, except for tobacco dependence
* A significant general medical illness, including neurological disorders or head trauma
* A sensorial impairment uncorrected (visual and/or hearing)

Group 4, 5, 6: Healthy control participants

Inclusion criteria:

* Participants between 18 and 65 years old, men or women
* Being a native French speaker
* Patients enrolled in the national healthcare insurance program
* Consenting to participate to the study

Exclusion criteria:

* A diagnosis of schizophrenia or of bipolar disorder or of major depressive disorder according to DSM-5 criteria
* The presence of any alcohol use disorder or any other substance use disorder in the last six months, except for tobacco dependence
* Participants having one first-degree relative presenting an bipolar disorder or depressive disorder or schizophrenia according to DSM-5 criteria
* A significant general medical illness, including neurological disorders or head trauma
* A sensorial impairment uncorrected (visual and/or hearing)

Conditions2

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