TMS-related Measures as Biomarker of Cognitive Impairment in PD

Summary

The goal of the present study is to explore the diagnostic and prognostic value of neurophysiological biomarkers obtained through paired-pulse Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (TMS) techniques in individuals affected by Parkinson's disease (PD) with and without cognitive decline. The main questions it aims to answer are: * TMS measures of cortical excitability are able to distinguish between PD patients cognitively normal, PD-Mild Cognitive Impairment (PD-MCI) and PD-Dementia (PD-D)? * TMS measures of cortical excitability are able to predict progression of PD patient cognitive status from cognitively normal to PD-MCI and PD-D?

Eligibility

Inclusion Criteria:

* Age \> 18 years
* Ability to undergo an extensive neuropsychological evaluation
* Ability to sign informed consent for the study
* Diagnosed with idiopathic PD according to the latest revision of the MDS criteria
* On stable and optimal antiparkinsonian therapy for at least four weeks

Exclusion Criteria:

* Systemic diseases of significant severity, including cardiovascular and cerebrovascular conditions (e.g., active neoplasms requiring chemotherapy, or end-stage heart failure)
* Presence of any active neurological disease, in addition to PD
* Presence of a cochlear implant, ferromagnetic brain device or near the site of brain stimulation, pacemaker, brain electrodes for DBS, electromechanical devices with IPG, or any other implantable stimulator, including peripheral ones
* History of epilepsy
* History of cerebrovascular, tumor-related, infectious, or metabolic brain conditions predisposing to seizures or causing symptomatic epilepsy
* Pregnancy or breastfeeding
* Alcoholism
* Treatment with anticholinesterase drugs, benzodiazepines, neuroleptics, anticholinergics, or antidepressants in the last month
* Treatment with drugs that lower the seizure threshold (e.g., imipramine, amitriptyline, doxepin, nortriptyline, maprotiline, chlorpromazine, clozapine, foscarnet, ganciclovir, ritonavir, amphetamines, cocaine, MDMA, ecstasy, phencyclidine, ketamine, gamma-hydroxybutyrate, alcohol, theophylline)
* Active cochlear pathology (especially if currently receiving ototoxic drugs, such as aminoglycoside antibiotics)
* Dementia according to the latest revision of the MDS criteria for PDD

Conditions2

Browse More Trials