SCRT + mFOLFOX6 + PD-1 Antibody + Targeted Therapy for HIgh-Risk pMMR/MSS Rectal Cancer

Summary

To explore the efficacy and safety of short-course radiotherapy combined with mFOLFOX6, PD-1 monoclonal antibody and cetuximab (for RAS/BRAF Wild-Type)/bevacizumab (for RAS/BRAF Mutant) in High-Risk pMMR/MSS Rectal Adenocarcinoma through a prospective study, providing high-level evidence-based medical evidence for the use in the treatment of high-risk rectal cancer.

Eligibility

Inclusion Criteria:

1. Before conducting procedures related to the research protocol but not part of routine care, written informed consent, voluntarily signed and dated by the subject, must be obtained in accordance with regulations and institutional guidelines.
2. Age 18-75 years.
3. Histologically or cytologically confirmed pMMR/MSS rectal adenocarcinoma; all other histological types are excluded.
4. Distance from the lower margin of the rectal tumor to the anal verge ≤10 cm.
5. Clinical staging with high-risk factors, including cT3Nx, EMVI(+), or cT4, ±MRF(+), ±EMVI(+).
6. No evidence of distant metastasis before treatment.
7. No prior anti-cancer treatment (radiotherapy, chemotherapy, targeted therapy, or immunotherapy).
8. ECOG performance status of 0-1.
9. Peripheral blood counts and liver and kidney function within the following allowable ranges (tested within 15 days before the start of treatment):

   1. White blood cells (WBC) ≥3.0×10\^9/L or absolute neutrophil count (ANC) ≥1.5×10\^9/L;
   2. Hemoglobin (HGB) ≥80 g/L;
   3. Platelets (PLT) ≥100×10\^9/L;
   4. Liver transaminases (AST/ALT) \<3.0 times the upper limit of the normal range;
   5. Total bilirubin (TBIL) \<1.5 times the upper limit of the normal range;
   6. Creatinine (CREAT) \<1.5 times the upper limit of the normal range.
10. No history of other malignancies; not pregnant or breastfeeding, and effective contraception must be used during the study period and for 6 months after the last dose.

Exclusion Criteria:

1. Patients with a history of severe drug allergies (including allergies to platinum agents, 5-FU, LV, and 5-HT3 receptor antagonists);
2. Patients who have participated in or are currently participating in other clinical trials within 4 weeks prior to enrollment;
3. A history of having received anti-PD-1, PD-L1, PD-L2, CTLA-4, or any other specific T-cell costimulatory or checkpoint pathway-targeted therapy;
4. Severe electrolyte abnormalities;
5. Presence of gastrointestinal diseases, such as active ulcers in the stomach or duodenum, ulcerative colitis, or tumors with active bleeding that have not been resected; or other conditions that may lead to gastrointestinal bleeding or perforation; or gastrointestinal perforation that has not healed after surgical treatment;
6. History of arterial thrombosis or deep vein thrombosis within 6 months; history of bleeding or evidence of bleeding tendency within 2 months; or patients receiving high-dose anticoagulation therapy;
7. Pregnant or breastfeeding women, or women of childbearing potential with a positive pregnancy test before the first dose; or female participants and their partners who are unwilling to strictly practice contraception during the study period;
8. Presence of other active malignancies (except for malignancies that have been treated with curative intent and have been disease-free for more than 3 years, or in situ cancers that can be cured with adequate treatment);
9. Presence of severe ECG abnormalities or active coronary artery disease, severe/unstable angina, newly diagnosed angina or myocardial infarction within 12 months prior to study entry, or New York Heart Association (NYHA) Class II or higher congestive heart failure;
10. Patients with active infections (infections causing fever above 38°C);
11. Patients with uncontrolled hypercalcemia, hypertension, or diabetes;
12. Patients with severe pulmonary diseases (interstitial pneumonia, pulmonary fibrosis, severe emphysema, etc.);
13. Patients with psychiatric disorders that may affect clinical treatment or a history of central nervous system diseases;
14. Patients with severe complications (bowel obstruction, renal insufficiency, hepatic insufficiency, cerebrovascular disorders, etc.);
15. Presence of any CTCAE Grade 2 or higher toxicity caused by previous treatments that has not resolved (excluding anemia, alopecia, and skin pigmentation);
16. Any unstable medical condition that may affect patient safety and compliance with the study;
17. Patients deemed by the investigator as unsuitable for participation in this clinical trial.

Conditions4

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