Effects of Mindfulness or Brain Stimulation Intervention for Late-life Adults in Taiwan Urban and Rural Areas

Summary

This randomized controlled trial will examine the effects of mindfulness-based interventions and brain stimulation interventions on cognitive function and psychological well-being in older adults. The study will employ a comprehensive assessment approach incorporating psychological evaluations, behavioral assessments, psychophysiological measurements, and neuroimaging analyses to characterize the outcome of nonpharmaceutical interventions in improving geriatric well-being or reducing depression severity.

Eligibility

Inclusion Criteria for individuals participating in mindfulness-based Interventions:

* Literate or have received an education above the elementary level.
* Have normal or corrected vision and hearing, able to communicate and understand explanations.
* Right-handed individuals as assessed by the Edinburgh Handedness Inventory.

Exclusion Criteria for individuals participating in mindfulness-based Interventions:

* Individuals with dementia, stroke, cerebrovascular disease, brain injury, epilepsy, or Parkinson's disease.
* Individuals with neurological system disorders.
* Individuals with alcohol or drug dependence.
* Individuals with other major physical illnesses, such as diabetes, heart failure, or endocrine abnormalities, or those who have experienced an acute myocardial infarction within the past three months.
* Individuals with metal objects in the body that cannot undergo magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), such as cardiac pacemakers, vascular clips, hearing aids, artificial joints, steel pins, etc.
* Individuals with Claustrophobia.
* Individuals in pregnancy or possibility of pregnancy.

Inclusion Criteria for individuals participating in brain stimulation Intervention:

* Individuals diagnosed with major depressive disorder by psychiatrists according to the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual, and who can cooperate with the psychiatric outpatient clinic regulations.
* Literate or have received an education above the elementary level.
* Have normal or corrected vision and hearing, able to communicate and understand explanations.
* Right-handed individuals as assessed by the Edinburgh Handedness Inventory.
* Individuals are prescribed brain stimulation therapy by clinical physicians.

Exclusion Criteria for individuals participating in brain stimulation Intervention:

* Individuals with dementia, stroke, cerebrovascular disease, brain injury, epilepsy, or Parkinson's disease.
* Individuals with neurological system disorders.
* Individuals with alcohol or drug dependence.
* Individuals with other major physical illnesses, such as diabetes, heart failure, or endocrine abnormalities, or those who have experienced an acute myocardial infarction within the past three months.
* Individuals with metal objects in the body that cannot undergo magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), such as cardiac pacemakers, vascular clips, hearing aids, artificial joints, steel pins, etc.
* Individuals with Claustrophobia.
* Individuals in pregnancy or possibility of pregnancy.

Conditions6

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