Comparison of Fentanyl and Magnesium to Control Reflex Hemodynamics in Patients Aged 50 and Older

Summary

This prospective, randomized, controlled trial aims to evaluate the effects of magnesium sulfate and fentanyl on the hemodynamic response to endotracheal intubation in surgical patients aged 50 years and older. A total of 75 patients will be enrolled and randomized into three groups: magnesium sulfate alone, magnesium sulfate plus fentanyl, and fentanyl alone. The primary outcome measures are changes in mean arterial pressure (MAP) and heart rate before and after intubation. Secondary outcomes include BIS, SEF, ST, TOF recovery times, intraoperative hemodynamic stability, and perioperative complications.

Eligibility

Inclusion Criteria:

* Age ≥ 50 years
* Patients scheduled for elective surgery under general anesthesia
* Patients requiring endotracheal intubation with a single-lumen tube
* Provision of written informed consent

Exclusion Criteria:

* Known renal or hepatic insufficiency
* Thyroid dysfunction
* Uncontrolled hypertension
* Suspected difficult airway (Mallampati ≥ 3 or history of difficult intubation)
* Known allergy or hypersensitivity to study medications
* Myocardial infarction within the past 3 months
* Presence of heart block
* Preoperative hypermagnesemia

Withdrawal Criteria:

* Laryngoscopy time exceeding 20 seconds
* Withdrawal of informed consent
* Patient withdrawal from the study at any time

Conditions3

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