Box Breathing for Anxiety, Pain and Nausea in ERCP Patients

Summary

This study aims to evaluate the effects of a non-pharmacological breathing technique, known as box breathing, on anxiety, pain, and nausea in adult patients undergoing endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP). ERCP is an invasive endoscopic procedure that may cause significant physical and psychological discomfort, including increased anxiety, pain, and nausea. Participants are randomly assigned to either an intervention group receiving standard care plus box breathing training or a control group receiving standard care alone. The box breathing technique consists of four equal phases of breathing (inhale, hold, exhale, hold), each lasting four seconds. Anxiety, pain, and nausea levels are assessed before ERCP and within the first 24 hours after the procedure. The results of this study may contribute to improving patient comfort and supporting the use of simple, nurse-led interventions in clinical practice.

Eligibility

Inclusion Criteria:

* Aged 18 years or older
* Scheduled to undergo endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP)
* Able to communicate verbally
* Able to understand and perform the box breathing technique
* Willing to participate and provide written informed consent

Exclusion Criteria:

* Cognitive impairment or psychiatric disorders affecting cooperation
* Hearing or communication problems that prevent understanding instructions
* Use of sedative or anxiolytic medication before ERCP other than standard sedation
* Previous participation in breathing or relaxation training programs
* Emergency ERCP procedures

Conditions4

Browse More Trials