Turkish Validation of the Nijmegen Questionnaire in COPD

Summary

Dysfunctional breathing is a common and clinically relevant problem in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), contributing to increased dyspnea perception, reduced exercise tolerance, and impaired quality of life. The Nijmegen Questionnaire (NQ) is a widely used symptom-based instrument for screening dysfunctional breathing; however, a validated Turkish version for patients with COPD is currently unavailable. This observational methodological study aims to translate, culturally adapt, and evaluate the validity and reliability of the Turkish version of the Nijmegen Questionnaire (NQ-TR) in individuals with stable COPD.

Eligibility

Inclusion Criteria:

* Adults aged 18 years and older
* Diagnosis of COPD confirmed according to GOLD criteria
* Clinically stable disease (no acute exacerbation or hospitalization within the last 4 weeks)
* Ability to read and understand Turkish
* Willingness to participate and provide written informed consent

Exclusion Criteria:

* Acute COPD exacerbation or respiratory infection within the previous 4 weeks
* Presence of severe cardiac, neurological, or systemic disease affecting questionnaire responses
* Coexisting pulmonary conditions such as bronchiectasis, lung cancer, prior pulmonary tuberculosis, pleural disease, or history of lung surgery
* Moderate to severe cognitive impairment or communication difficulties
* Severe visual or hearing impairment preventing questionnaire completion
* Pregnancy
* Refusal to participate or withdrawal during the study

Conditions1

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