INSIGHT-PCa: MRI- and PHI-Guided Risk-Adapted Strategy for Prostate Cancer Diagnosis

Summary

Prostate cancer diagnosis based on systematic or MRI-targeted biopsy is associated with substantial overdiagnosis and unnecessary invasive procedures. Although multiparametric MRI improves detection of clinically significant prostate cancer, optimal criteria for biopsy omission-particularly in men with equivocal MRI findings-remain uncertain. The INSIGHT-PCa study is a prospective, multicenter, randomized controlled trial designed to evaluate whether a risk-adapted diagnostic strategy integrating multiparametric MRI and the Prostate Health Index (PHI) can reduce unnecessary prostate biopsies without compromising detection of clinically significant prostate cancer. Participants with suspected prostate cancer will be randomized to either a standard MRI-based diagnostic pathway or an optimized strategy in which biopsy decisions are guided by combined MRI findings and PHI density. The primary objective is to demonstrate non-inferiority in the detection of clinically significant prostate cancer while reducing biopsy utilization and biopsy-related adverse events.

Eligibility

Inclusion Criteria:

* Male, aged 20 years or older
* Serum PSA ≥3.0 ng/mL and ≤20.0 ng/mL and/or abnormal digital rectal -examination
* Biopsy-naïve
* Clinical stage ≤T2 disease
* Ability to provide written informed consent

Exclusion Criteria:

* Previous prostate biopsy or prostate cancer treatment
* Use of 5-alpha reductase inhibitors within 6 months
* Acute prostatitis or urinary tract infection within 3 months
* Contraindications to MRI
* Contraindications to prostate biopsy

Conditions3

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