Self-Myofascial Release Plus Exercise Versus Exercise Alone in Type 2 Diabetes

Summary

This randomized controlled trial aims to investigate the effects of adding self-myofascial release applied to the plantar fascia and gastrosoleus muscles to an exercise program on foot function, physical performance, and plantar fascia thickness in individuals with type 2 diabetes. Participants aged 30 to 65 years with controlled type 2 diabetes will be randomly allocated to either an exercise-only group or an exercise plus self-myofascial release group. Both groups will complete an eight-week supervised exercise program three times per week. The intervention group will additionally perform self-myofascial release using a foam roller before exercise sessions. Outcomes will include foot function, balance, functional mobility, gait performance, and plantar fascia thickness assessed by ultrasonography before and after the intervention.

Eligibility

Inclusion Criteria:

* Individuals aged 30 to 65 years
* Diagnosed with type 2 diabetes mellitus for at least 1 year
* Controlled type 2 diabetes mellitus
* Able to ambulate independently without assistive devices

Exclusion Criteria:

* Severe pes planus or pes cavus defined by the Foot Posture Index-6 (FPI-6) (score ≥ +10 or ≤ -5)
* History of plantar fasciitis
* Plantar fascia ulceration
* Peripheral neuropathy
* Diagnosed peripheral vascular disease
* History of lower extremity surgery or fracture during last year
* Rheumatologic or connective tissue disorders affecting soft tissue properties
* Neurological or diagnosed cognitive disorders
* Pregnancy
* Other types of diabetes mellitus
* Obesity (BMI \> 30 kg/m²)
* Serious cardiopulmonary disorders, including heart failure, history of myocardial infarction, or severe chronic obstructive pulmonary disease or asthma

Conditions2

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