Integrated Oral Care Intervention for Xerostomia in Diabetes Patients

Summary

Diabetes patients commonly experience dry mouth also known as xerostomia which can affect eating speaking oral health and overall quality of life. This study evaluates whether simple oral care actions delivered by endocrinologists during routine diabetes clinic visits can improve dry mouth symptoms and oral health related quality of life. Endocrinologists will be trained to screen for dry mouth provide brief counseling prescribe saliva substitutes and refer patients to dental services when needed. Adult patients with diabetes and symptoms of dry mouth will be followed before and after the intervention to assess changes in xerostomia severity and oral health outcomes. The study will also explore barriers and facilitators to integrating oral health care into routine diabetes management in Pakistan.

Eligibility

Inclusion Criteria:

* Presence of a single stone in the renal pelvis.
* Age less than 18 years.
* No congenital or acquired urinary tract abnormalities.
* No pre-existing chest diseases (e.g., chronic lung disease, pleural effusion).

Exclusion Criteria:

* Patients with multiple kidney stones.
* Calyceal stones (stones located specifically in a calyx).
* Pelviureteric junction obstruction (PUJO).
* Pelvic kidney (renal ectopia).

Conditions3

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