Type D Personality and Life Satisfaction in Bipolar Disorder Type 2 and Major Depressive Disorder

Summary

Bipolar Disorder Type II (BD-II) and Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) are common mood disorders associated with substantial psychological distress, impaired functioning, and reduced quality of life. BD-II is characterized by recurrent major depressive episodes and hypomanic episodes, whereas MDD is characterized by one or more major depressive episodes without a history of mania or hypomania. Both disorders have a significant genetic component, and family studies suggest that first-degree relatives may exhibit subclinical affective traits, personality characteristics, and psychosocial vulnerabilities related to these conditions. The aim of this cross-sectional study was to examine Type D personality traits and life satisfaction among patients with BD-II and MDD and parents of patients. The study recruited/will recruit 30 patients with BD-II; 30 patients with MDD; 30 healthy control subjects; mothers and/or fathers of 30 healthy control subjects, mothers and/or fathers of 30 patients with BD-II, and mothers and/or fathers of 30 patients with MDD who are in remission and receiving follow-up care at the Psychiatry Outpatient Clinic of Elazığ Fethi Sekin City Hospital, Turkey (By Dilek ÖRÜM -Associate Professor of Psychiatry, dr.dilekulukan@gmail.com). Sociodemographic characteristics, Type D personality traits, general psychiatric symptoms, and life satisfaction assessed/will be assessed using validated self-report measures, including the Type D Personality Scale (DS14), the Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale (BPRS), and the Adult Life Satisfaction Scale (ALSS). The primary objective was/is to compare Type D personality characteristics and life satisfaction levels between patients with MDD and BD-II and between their parents. Secondary objectives included/include investigating the associations between Type D personality traits, psychiatric symptom severity, and life satisfaction. The findings may contribute to a better understanding of familial psychological characteristics associated with mood disorders and may help identify potential psychosocial targets for preventive and supportive interventions among family members of affected individuals.

Eligibility

1. For Bipolar Disorder Type II (BD-II) Group:

   \*Inclusion Criteria:
   * Diagnosis of BD-II according to DSM-5-TR
   * Remission period
   * Age ≥ 18 years
   * Provided informed consent

   For Bipolar Disorder Type II (BD-II) Group:

   \*Exclusion Criteria:
   * Hypertension
   * Diabetes mellitus
   * Chronic kidney disease
   * Rheumatoid arthritis
   * Systemic lupus erythematosus
   * Cardiac illness
   * Severe neurological disorders
   * Immunological or systemic illness
   * Primary psychiatric disorders other than BD-II and not in remission for BD-II
   * Alcohol/drug/substance use
2. For Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) Group:

   \*Inclusion Criteria:
   * Diagnosis of MDD according to DSM-5-TR
   * Remission period
   * Age ≥ 18 years
   * Provided informed consent

   For Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) Group:
   * Exclusion Criteria:

     * Hypertension
     * Diabetes mellitus
     * Chronic kidney disease
     * Rheumatoid arthritis
     * Systemic lupus erythematosus
     * Cardiac illness
     * Severe neurological disorders
     * Immunological or systemic illness
     * Primary psychiatric disorders other than MDD and not in remission for MDD
     * Alcohol/drug/substance use
3. For Healthy Control (HC) Group:

   \*Inclusion Criteria:
   * No psychiatric diagnosis
   * No systemic or immunological illness
   * Medication-free for at least one month
   * Age ≥ 18 years
   * Provided informed consent

   For Healthy Control (HC) Group:

   \*Exclusion Criteria:
   * Hypertension
   * Diabetes mellitus
   * Chronic kidney disease
   * Rheumatoid arthritis
   * Systemic lupus erythematosus
   * Cardiac illness
   * Severe neurological disorders
   * Immunological or systemic illness
   * Having psychiatric disorders
   * Alcohol/drug/substance use
4. For Healthy Father and/or Mother of Bipolar Disorder Type II (BD-II) Group:

   \*Inclusion Criteria:
   * No psychiatric diagnosis
   * No systemic or immunological illness
   * Medication-free for at least one month
   * Age ≥ 18 years
   * Provided informed consent

   For Healthy Father and/or Mother of Bipolar Disorder Type II (BD-II) Group:

   \*Exclusion Criteria:

   • Hypertension
   * Diabetes mellitus
   * Chronic kidney disease
   * Rheumatoid arthritis
   * Systemic lupus erythematosus
   * Cardiac illness
   * Severe neurological disorders
   * Immunological or systemic illness
   * Having psychiatric disorders
   * Alcohol/drug/substance use
5. For Healthy Father and/or Mother of Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) Group:

   \*Inclusion Criteria:
   * No psychiatric diagnosis
   * No systemic or immunological illness
   * Medication-free for at least one month
   * Age ≥ 18 years
   * Provided informed consent

   For Healthy Father and/or Mother of Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) Group:

   \*Exclusion Criteria:

   • Hypertension

   • Diabetes mellitus

   • Chronic kidney disease

   • Rheumatoid arthritis

   • Systemic lupus erythematosus

   • Cardiac illness

   • Severe neurological disorders
   * Immunological or systemic illness
   * Having psychiatric disorders
   * Alcohol/drug/substance use
6. For Healthy Father and/or Mother of Healthy Control (HC) Group:

   \*Inclusion Criteria:

   • No psychiatric diagnosis

   • No systemic or immunological illness
   * Medication-free for at least one month
   * Age ≥ 18 years
   * Provided informed consent

   For Healthy Father and/or Mother of Healthy Control (HC) Group:

   \*Exclusion Criteria:
   * Hypertension
   * Diabetes mellitus
   * Chronic kidney disease
   * Rheumatoid arthritis
   * Systemic lupus erythematosus
   * Cardiac illness
   * Severe neurological disorders
   * Immunological or systemic illness
   * Having psychiatric disorders
   * Alcohol/drug/substance use

Conditions3

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